There are a number of Māori processes and practices that embody methods of learning that are distinguished from western methods. These processes and practices include: 

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• whakairo 

• whaikōrero 

• kauhau 

• haka, waiata 

• wānanga 

• mōteatea 

• whainga tapuwae 

• mihi

 

Teachers can integrate these practices into their learning environment as a means of encouraging and testing learning in a kaupapa Māori. 

 

Whakairo 

Whakairo is essentially about communicating visually. It encourages expression and re-telling using symbols, patterns, pictures, writing, and design. Whakairo refers to the carving of wood, and in a wider sense, to art forms that may also involve drawing and painting on wood, bone, stone, and skin. In contemporary times, whakairo also takes the form of writing and graphics. Whakairo can be applied across curriculum areas where these types of expression are required. 

 

For example: 

• Digital multimedia – film making, photography, graphic design, 3D animation. 

• Rāranga (weaving) – tukutuku (lattice work), tāniko (tapestry), whatu (garment weaving), tuitui kākahu (garment sewing), crafts. 

• Design – furniture, building, interior, landscaping, fashion. 

• Uku – sculpture, pottery. 

 

Whaikōrero 

Whaikōrero means ‘to follow discussion’. Normally applied to speech-making on marae, it also refers to promoting debate and discussion in a formal context. Whaikōrero is about representing a viewpoint, presenting an argument, debating an issue. An underpinning principle of whaikōrero is to ensure that relationships are well represented and maintained between groups. 

 

Kauhau 

Kauhau is a sermon or lecture: a formal, organized presentation. Project presentations, proposals, feedback, all lend themselves to this type of information sharing exercise. 

 

Haka and Waiata 

Haka and waiata are action songs or dances. Rap, mime, song, modern dance, hip hop, poetry, aerobics, taparahi, peruperu, mau räkau, drama and theatre are all forms of haka and waiata. 

 

Wānanga 

Wānanga is a process of in-depth thinking and discussion, followed by a sharing of ideas with others. Conferences, workshops, seminars and brainstorming are examples of modern equivalents. 

 

 

Mōteatea 

Mōteatea, traditional songs, not only provide content, but can also be encouraged as a mode of transfer. Mōteatea provide a range of learning contexts depending on what type of information is being expressed. 

 

Whainga Tapuwae 

Whainga tapuwae means ‘to follow footsteps’. This can involve visits, field trips, education outside the classroom activities, outdoor pursuits, and interviews. 

 

Mihi 

Mihi means to greet or acknowledge someone. It is about showing a degree of respect or gratitude toward people and their contributions to a programme, an event or a hui.